本文主要介绍Javantp对时的实现方法和优化技巧,帮助开发者解决在分布式系统中对时的问题。

一、JavaNTP简介

JavaNTP是JAVA平台下的一款NTP协议的实现。NTP协议是网络时间协议(Network Time Protocol)的简称,是用来使计算机时间同步化的一种协议。它可以使网络中的计算机时间保持一致,以解决时间同步的问题。

二、实现方法

使用JavaNTP实现对时主要分为以下几个步骤:

1. 创建UDP套接字,指定NTP服务器IP地址和NTP服务器端口;

 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("ntp1.aliyun.com"); int port = 123; // NTP服务器端口 

2. 构造NTP请求报文;

 // 由于时区问题,需要减去服务器时间距离协调世界时的偏移量 long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() - 2208988800000L; byte[] data = new byte[48]; data[0] = 0x1B; // 指定协议版本号和命令类型 for (int i = 1; i <= 47; i++) { data[i] = 0x0; } // 在请求报文中添加本地发送时间戳和接收时间戳 long localSenderTime = System.nanoTime(); ByteUtils.write(timestamp, data, 40); ByteUtils.write(localSenderTime / 1000000L, data, 24); 

3. 向NTP服务器发送请求报文;

 DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length, address, port); socket.send(request); 

4. 接收服务器的响应报文,并解析其中的时间戳信息;

 DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(new byte[48], 48); socket.receive(response); long localReceiverTime = System.nanoTime(); long ntpRefTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 32) - 2208988800000L; long ntpReceiveTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 40) - 2208988800000L; long ntpTransmitTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 24) - 2208988800000L; long delay = (localReceiverTime - localSenderTime) / 2; // 时延 long offset = ((ntpReceiveTime - localSenderTime) + (ntpTransmitTime - localReceiverTime)) / 2; // 偏移量 long ntpTime = ntpRefTime + offset; // NTP时间,即当前时间 

三、优化技巧

1. 使用连接池避免频繁创建和销毁套接字;

 // 创建连接池 NTPUDPClientPool pool = new NTPUDPClientPool(); // 从连接池中获取客户端实例 NTPUDPClient client = pool.borrowObject(); try { // 发送和接收数据 } finally { // 归还客户端实例到连接池 pool.returnObject(client); } 

2. 减少对NTP服务器的请求频率,可以使用缓存和定时器等机制;

 public class NtpTimeSync { // NTP服务器地址 private String server; // 本地时间戳 private long timestamp; // NTP时间戳 private long ntpTime; // 上次同步时间 private long lastSyncTime; // 获取当前时间 public synchronized long currentTimeMillis() { long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 缓存NTP时间,避免频繁请求 if (now - lastSyncTime > 60000) { sync(); lastSyncTime = now; } return ntpTime + (now - timestamp); } // 同步时间 public synchronized void sync() { // 发送NTP请求 // 解析NTP响应 ntpTime = ... timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); } } 

3. 根据实际应用场景选择合适的NTP服务器,并且可以通过Ping测试选择时延较小的服务器;

4. 遇到网络超时等异常情况时可以进行重试,或者选择备用NTP服务器。

四、代码示例

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("ntp1.aliyun.com"); int port = 123; byte[] data = new byte[48]; data[0] = 0x1B; for (int i = 1; i <= 47; i++) { data[i] = 0x0; } long localSenderTime = System.nanoTime(); long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() - 2208988800000L; ByteUtils.write(timestamp, data, 40); ByteUtils.write(localSenderTime / 1000000L, data, 24); DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length, address, port); socket.send(request); DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(new byte[48], 48); socket.receive(response); long localReceiverTime = System.nanoTime(); long ntpRefTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 32) - 2208988800000L; long ntpReceiveTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 40) - 2208988800000L; long ntpTransmitTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 24) - 2208988800000L; long delay = (localReceiverTime - localSenderTime) / 2; long offset = ((ntpReceiveTime - localSenderTime) + (ntpTransmitTime - localReceiverTime)) / 2; long ntpTime = ntpRefTime + offset; System.out.println("NTP time: " + new Date(ntpTime)); }